ABSTRACT
@#Introduction: Humans have learned to recognize and process plants into medicinal forms through centuries. Burns can spread to other tissues, especially when infected with bacteria such as Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The study aimed to assess the in vivo antibacterial and wound healing activity of 2% formulation of 2-Medpy-3-CN on infected burn wounded animal model. Methods: In vitro antibacterial activity of the Alsti was done by broth dilution and disc diffusion methods. Alsti 2% ointment was prepared for the infected burn wound treatment. A total of 18 rats are grouped into A, B, C, and D, the first three groups (A-C) were injured thermally, and Group D was used as healthy controls. The three test Groups were exposed to MRSA ATCC 43300 at 105 CFU/mL. Group A was treated with 2% Alsti, Group B with Silver sulfadiazine 1% (SSD), and Group C was untreated. Wounds healing was assessed by the healed area and microscopic identification of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained skin tissue. Results: Wound healing progresses with application of Alsti 2% ointment as observed through wound diameter and histopathological changes of the skin. Wound diameter decreases with treatments, while the contrary was observed in the non-treated group. Microscopic observation of the stained skin showed that epidermal development, and collagen formation progress with treatment days. Untreated wounds showed marked inflammation, progressive ulceration, and necrosis. Conclusion: Alsti 2% formulation showed antibacterial and wound healing activities, hence, can be used as alternative in burn wound infections.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Introduction Early carcinomas of the oral cavity in the posterior-inferior regions poses a challenge for reconstruction due to the lack of muscle support underneath and the limited space available to use some of the frequently-used flaps. Objective This study was done to evaluate the efficacy of the superiorly based masseter muscle flap in reconstruction of intra-oral post- ablation defects in patients with early oral carcinoma of the posterior-inferior part of the oral cavity. Methods A superiorly based masseter muscle flap were used to reconstruct the post-surgical intra- oral defect in 60 patients with early squamous cell carcinoma (T < 4 cm) of the posterior-inferior part of the oral cavity. The patients were followed up at 1-week and 1-month postoperatively to check for flap viability, complications, change in mouth opening and deviation of the mandible on mouth opening. To rule out any recurrence in the oral cavity masseter flaps, the patients were followed up for 1 year. Results The flap was viable in all patients and underwent mucosalization. 7/60 patients had postoperative infections, while 2/60 patients developed an oro-cutaneous fistula which required a secondary corrective procedure. The mean ± standard deviation of change in mouth opening at 1 week postoperatively was +1.917 ± 3.36 mm, which increased to +2.633 ± 2.95 mm at 1 month after surgery. The Friedman test revealed that there was a statistically significant change in mouth opening from preoperative period to the1 week and 1 month postoperative periods (p = 0.000). Female patients showed better improvement in mouth opening postoperatively. The ipsilateral deviation of the mandible on mouth opening was between 0-5 mm in 39 patients, 5-10 mm in 17 patients and more than 10 mm in 4 patients. There were no recurrences noted in the masseter flaps used. Conclusion The study infers that the superiorly based masseter muscle flap is a reliable method for reconstruction in early oral cancer patients yielding good functional results and acceptable cosmesis with nominal postoperative complications.
Resumo Introdução Os carcinomas iniciais da cavidade oral nas regiões póstero‐inferiores representam um desafio para a reconstrução devido à falta de suporte muscular abaixo da região e ao espaço limitado disponível para o uso de alguns dos retalhos mais empregados. Objetivo Avaliar a eficácia do retalho do músculo masseter de base superior na reconstrução de defeitos intraorais pós‐ablação em pacientes com carcinoma oral inicial da parte póstero‐inferior da cavidade oral. Método Um retalho do músculo masseter de base superior foi usado para reconstruir o defeito intraoral pós‐cirúrgico em 60 pacientes com carcinoma espinocelular inicial (T < 4 cm) localizado na parte póstero‐inferior da cavidade oral. Os pacientes foram acompanhados após uma semana e um mês de pós‐operatório para verificação da viabilidade do retalho, complicações, alteração na abertura bucal e desvio da mandíbula na abertura bucal. Para descartar recidiva nos retalhos do masseter, os pacientes foram acompanhados por um ano. Resultados O retalho foi viável em todos os pacientes e foi submetido à mucolização; 7/60 pacientes tiveram infecções pós‐operatórias, enquanto 2/60 pacientes desenvolveram uma fístula orocutânea que exigiu um procedimento corretivo secundário. A média ± desvio‐padrão da alteração na abertura da boca em uma semana de pós‐operatório foi + 1,917 ± 3,36 mm, que aumentou para + 2,633 ± 2,95 mm em um mês de pós‐operatório. O teste de Friedman revelou que houve uma alteração estatisticamente significante na abertura da boca do período pré‐operatório para os períodos de uma semana e um mês de pós‐operatório (p = 0,000). Pacientes do sexo feminino apresentaram maior melhoria na abertura da boca no pós‐operatório. O desvio ipsilateral da mandíbula na abertura da boca ficou entre 0 a 5 mm em 39 pacientes, 5 a 10 mm em 17 pacientes e mais de 10 mm em 4 pacientes. Não foram observadas recidivas nos retalhos de masseter usados. Conclusão O retalho do músculo masseter com base superior é um método confiável para reconstrução em casos de câncer oral inicial, produz bons resultados funcionais e resultados cosméticos aceitáveis com complicações pós‐operatórias insignificantes.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: The 2019 Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has been a serious global threat with numerous researches indicating that frontline healthcare personnel involved in its management and diagnosis are at risk of experiencing psychological disturbances and deteriorating mental health. By definition, “burnout is a syndrome conceptualized as resulting from chronic workplace stress that has not been successfully managed”. Burnout has been associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of burnout syndrome and to determine the associated factors among healthcare providers in rural Tamilnadu during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: A cross-sectional study was done among 120 healthcare providers from Sree Mookambika Institute of Medical Sciences, Tamil Nadu during July 2021. Participants selected by convenient sampling technique were given pre-tested Maslach Burnout Inventory- Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) questionnaire. Data were entered in MS Excel 2019 and analysis was done in SPSS v26.0. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests were applied. Results: Mean age of the participants was 25.48±4.66 years. Among them, 46(38.3%) reported emotional exhaustion, 42(35%) depersonalization and 87(72.5%) reported a lower sense of personal accomplishment. The years of professional experience and the number of working hours per day were associated with emotional exhaustion and depersonalization (p<0.05). The different professional categories showed a significant 2 2association with Emotional Exhaustion (?=20.888,df=6, p=0.002) and Depersonalization (?=23.055,df=6. p=0.001) with high Burnout among doctors and nurses. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of addressing burnout among healthcare personnel. The issues should be prioritized by authorities to develop appropriate interventions.
ABSTRACT
@#Introduction: Limited studies have been documented on the presence of pathogenic Leptospira in public markets serving the community in sub-districts of Selangor. The aim of this study was to detect the presence of pathogenic Leptospira in rats using a gene encoding an outer membrane lipoprotein LipL32. Methods: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using LipL32 primers on sixty kidney samples of rats trapped at two locations of study; Pasar Borong Selangor in Seri Kembangan and Pasar Basah Bandar Baru Bangi in Bangi. Results: Out of 60 samples analysed, 36.7% were positive for the presence of LipL32. All positive samples highly matched (>94%) nucleotide sequence for LipL32 of pathogenic Leptospira and related to the pathogens through phylogenetic analysis. Conclusion: The detection of LipL32 indicates the potential presence of pathogenic Leptospira species at public markets. Although only 60 rats were successfully trapped, the rats are mobile and might further transmit the pathogenic organisms to other areas.
ABSTRACT
@#Background: The low detection rate of tuberculosis (TB) cases in Malaysia remains a challenge in the effort to end TB by 2030. The collaboration between private and public health care facilities is essential in addressing this issue. As of now, no private-public health care collaborative program in pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) screening exists in Malaysia. Aim: To determine the feasibility of a collaborative program between private general practitioners (GPs) and the public primary health clinics in PTB screening and to assess the yield of smearpositive PTB from this program. Methods: A prospective cohort study using convenient sampling was conducted involving GPs and public health clinics in the North-East District, Penang, from March 2018 to May 2019. In this study, GPs could direct all suspected PTB patients to perform a sputum acid fast bacilli (AFB) direct smear in any of the dedicated public primary health clinics. The satisfaction level of both the GPs and their patients were assessed using a self-administered client satisfaction questionnaire. IBM SPSS Statistical Software was used to analyze the data. Results: Out of a total of 31 patients who underwent the sputum investigation for PTB, one (3.2%) was diagnosed to have smear-positive PTB. Most of the patients (>90%) and GPs (66.7%) agreed to continue with this program in the future. Furthermore, most of the patients (>90%) were satisfied with the program structure. Conclusion: It is potentially feasible to involve GPs in combating TB. However, a more structured program addressing the identified issues is needed to make the collaborative program a success.
Subject(s)
Adult , Food Insecurity , Malaysia , Nutrition SurveysABSTRACT
Midgut malrotation is a congenital anomaly seen usually in childhood. Its presentation as an acute intestinal obstruction is extremely rare in adults usually identified intra operatively. A high index of suspicion is always required when dealing with any case of acute intestinal obstruction. We report a case of young adult who presented with symptoms of acute intestinal obstruction and was diagnosed intra-operatively as cecal volvulus with impending perforation caused by midgut malrotation. Malrotation of the intestinal tract is seen due to aberrant embryology. The presentation of intestinal malrotation in adults is very rare. Contrast enhanced Computed tomography (CT) can show the abnormal anatomy clearly. Anomalies like midgut malrotation can present as an operative dilemma and awareness regarding these conditions can help surgeons deal with these conditions.
ABSTRACT
Placenta is a vital organ for the development of foetus and maintenance of pregnancy. Placenta helps in the development and growth of foetus in uterus. In between maternal and foetal circulation the transfer of waste products and nutrients was done by the placenta which is a complex organ of a short life span. The diabetic pregnancy is characterised by numerous disturbances in foetal growth and development.METHODSA cross sectional study on placental changes in 60 pregnant women was done over a period of 18 months. Pregnant women in the age group of 25 years to 40 years who were suffering from polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) were included in the study. Placental specimens were collected from obstetrics department and fixed overnight in 10% formalin. Thorough gross examination was done and few bits from the abnormal areas were given for microscopic examination. Routine histopathological process was followed for microscopic examination.RESULTSOut of 60 pregnant women with PCOS, seven patients were found to be having PCOS with gestational diabetes mellitus. These seven patients showed gross and microscopic changes in the placenta when compared with non-diabetic PCOS pregnant women.CONCLUSIONSPlacenta of diabetic women with PCOS showed both gross and microscopic abnormalities which may affect the growth and development of baby during intrauterine life.
ABSTRACT
Background: Providing quality contraceptive services to women is essential for achieving maternal and child health. Objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of intra-caesarean insertion of copper IUCDs as postpartum contraception. To study the side effects of intra caesarean copper device. To study the continuation rates of intra-caesarean copper IUCDs. To study the acceptability of intra-caesarean copper IUCD as immediate postpartum contraceptive.Methods: The prospective study was undertaken at Bhaskar medical college and general hospital, Yenkepally, Moinabad, Telangana, between January 2016 and March 2018 after ethical committee clearance. About 60 pregnant women were enrolled into the study after an informed written consent regarding the procedure, benefits and complications and the need for follow up for at least one year. Copper T 380A/multiload copper 375 was inserted into the uterine cavity after delivery of the placenta and membranes during caesarean section. Patients were followed up at 6 weeks, 6 months and one-year intervals for any complaints, visibility of threads and for ultrasound examination for position of copper IUCDs in the uterus. Data analysis was done using Microsoft excel 2016.Results: Nearly 48.33% continued intra-caesarean copper IUCDs for more than 1 year. 70% did not have any complaints. 86.67% came for more than one follow-up visit. 47% had copper IUD threads visible by one year. No case of perforation either during insertion or during continuation was noted. None conceived with copper IUCD in situ. Removal of copper IUCD was also easy and none required hysteroscopic removal.Conclusions: Intra-caesarean copper IUCD insertion is a safe and effective long acting reversible contraceptive method in the postpartum period.
ABSTRACT
Hypercholesterolaemia is the state been depicted by an expanded greasy substances called lipids, rise in plasma TCs and TGs levels it is additionally called hyper lipoproteinemia. The present study was designed to investigate the hypolipidemic effect of ethanolic extract of Crossandra infundibuliformis leaves and stem (ECILS) in high fat diet (cholesterol 2%, sodium cholate 1%, sucrose 48%, peanut oil, methionine 4%, and 47% normal laboratory feed) . The rats feed with High-fat diet containing (cholesterol 2%, sodium cholate 1%, sucrose 48%, peanut oil, methionine 4%, and 47% normal standard laboratory feed) for 1 month, and then they are checked for the blood parameter levels like TC, TGs, LDL, VLDL, and HDL. Ethanolic extracts at low dose (100 mg/kg), significantly reduced the levels of TC, TGL, LDL, VLDL & increased the levels of HDL and reduced the body weights on 30st day, and at medium, high doses it reduced the levels of TC, TGL, LDL, VLDL & increased the levels of HDL and reduced the body weights.
ABSTRACT
Background: Hepatitis B infection is a serious global public health problem. About two billion people are infected with hepatitis B Virus (HBV) all over the world. The prevalence of HBV infection in India is 4%(2%-8%) with more prevalence among health care workers. Medical students represent a group that is at high-risk for acquiring and spreading hepatitis B infection. Despite increasing prevalence of HBV infection, there is paucity of knowledge, attitude and practice on HBV among medical students. Objective of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices on prevention of hepatitis B infection among medical students of Sree Mookambika Institute of Medical Sciences, Kulasekharam.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 205 MBBS students using a pretested self-administered questionnaire for assessing the knowledge, attitude, and practice on prevention of HBV infection after obtaining informed consent from the participants.Results: Among 205 MBBS students, correct response towards Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices were given by 77.07%, 77.56%, and 76.59% respectively, 79.5% of the students were fully vaccinated; 20.5% were partially vaccinated against Hepatitis B Virus infection.Conclusions: The medical students are at a very high risk of contracting HBV infection during their training period in view of low HBV vaccine uptake rate and high chance of accidental exposure to blood infected with HBV. Creating awareness among medical students on various aspects of Hepatitis B infection through health education programs before their exposure in medical colleges and subjecting them to active immunization against HBV are mandatory to control the spread of Hepatitis B viral infection.
ABSTRACT
Background: Shoulder pain is one of the leading causes of musculoskeletal pain and disability with rotator cuff disease was a common condition. The study aimed to assess the effect of TENS therapy on pain and functional disability level with rotator cuff disease patients. Methods: A parallel-group randomized controlled with 1:1 allocation, open-label, the trial is done at Orthopaedics and Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Out Patient Departments, AIIMS, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria total of 76 patients (42 males,34 females) of rotator cuff disease were selected through total enumerative sampling, and block randomization with a block size of two is used to allocate treatments. The intervention was TENS therapy (high frequency (100Hz) with a pulse duration 120μsand low intensity (30- 40mA) for 20 minutes.) for consecutive five days plus standard treatment for the experimental group and standard treatment (Shoulder ROM, twice a day) as followed at AIIMS, Rishikesh to control group and Followed after completion of the treatment session. (after five days). SPADI scale is used for pain and functional disability level measurement. Results: A total of 70 patients (38 males and 32 females) were analyzed. The experimental and control group were homogenous in terms of total SPADI, disability and pain score (p>0.05). Median post-intervention total SPADI, disability and pain scores of the intervention group were significantly less as compared to the control group (p=0.000). No side- effects of treatment in any group. Conclusion: TENS therapy is an efficient therapy for patients experiencing rotator cuff disease Trial registration- CTRI/2018/09/015659
ABSTRACT
Background: India was the first country in the world to start the National Family Welfare Program in 1951. But population stabilization has been a difficult target to achieve and by the year 2028, our population is expected to surpass that of China. This study was conducted among puerperal women delivered at our hospital to know their awareness about various methods of contraception and willingness to practice any of these methods.Methods: This cross-sectional interview-based study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology at Bhaskar Medical College and Hospital, Moinabad, Hyderabad from September 2015 to August 2016. The study sample were women who delivered in our hospital and a set questionnaire was used.Results: A total of 502 women in the post-partum period were included in the study.88.85% women were aware of any modern contraceptive. 30.85% of these women were aware of only the surgical method, i.e. sterilization; and another 58% women were aware of temporary methods also. Most of them knew about multiple methods, but tubectomy was the main method was known to the maximum (78%). As the literacy levels rose, awareness about temporary methods and male sterilization also increased. 70% of the study population were not aware of free availability of all these methods at Government hospitals and at our hospital.80.5% of these women were motivated after this study to accept a contraceptive method.Conclusions: There is a great unmet demand for contraception among rural women in India. Proper dissemination of the information about free availability of these methods by rural health workers, hospital staff and making these accessible in the peripheral areas of the country will help these couples. Providing oral, written and visual information to all the pregnant women at each ante-natal visit will be additional methods.
ABSTRACT
@#Leptospirosis is a common febrile illness in Malaysia. The disease is caused by pathogenic bacteria called leptospires that are transmitted directly or indirectly from animals to humans via contaminated water or soil. It is a potentially serious but treatable disease. Its symptoms may mimic those of other unrelated febrile illnesses such as dengue, influenza, meningitis, hepatitis or viral haemorrhagic fevers. The spectrum of the disease is extremely wide, ranging from subclinical infection to a severe syndrome of multiorgan infection with high mortality. The diagnosis requires high suspicion with history of exposure to water or environment possibly contaminated with infected animal urine. This is a case of a 13 year-oldgirl with no known medical illness, and a history of exposure to outdoor activities. However, paired sera for leptospirosis serology was not diagnostic. She then developed septic shock on day 14 of illness. But due to high suspicion of leptospirosis, antibiotic therapy was upgraded to ceftriaxone and samples were sent for further testing which revealed that leptospires were detected in the urine, using molecular technique. She improved after treated as leptospirosis.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Hyperoxia at resuscitation increases oxidative stress, and even brief exposure to high oxygen concentrations during stabilization may trigger organ injury with adverse long-term outcomes in premature infants. We studied the long-term effects of short-term perinatal oxygen exposure on cell cycle gene expression and lung growth in adult mice. METHODS: We randomized mice litters at birth to 21,40, or 100%O2 for 30 min and recovered in room air for 4 or 12 weeks. Cell cycle gene expression, protein analysis, and lung morphometry were assessed at 4 and 12 weeks. RESULTS: The principal component analysis demonstrated a high degree of correlation for cell cycle gene expression among the three oxygen groups. Lung elastin was significantly lower in the 100%O2 groups at 4 weeks. On lung morphometry, radial alveolar count, alveolar number, and septal count were similar. However, the mean linear intercept (MLI) and septal length significantly correlated among the oxygen groups. The MLI was markedly higher in the 100%O2 groups at 4 and 12 weeks of age, and the septal length was significantly lower in the 100%O2 groups at 12 weeks. CONCLUSION: Short-term exposure to high oxygen concentrations lead to subtle changes in lung development that may affect alveolarization. The changes are related explicitly to secondary crest formation that may result in alteration in lung elastin. Resuscitation with high oxygen concentrations may have a significant impact on lung development and long-term outcomes such as BPD in premature infants.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Pregnancy , Mice , Oxygen/adverse effects , Hyperoxia/pathology , Lung/pathology , Elastin/metabolism , Oxidative Stress , Lung/growth & developmentABSTRACT
Aim of Study: The aim of this study is to correlate the prominin-1 or CD133 association with functional pathway markers of cancer stemness in Indian triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patient samples. Materials and Methods: TNBC samples were confirmed for the absence of hormone receptors (estrogen receptor–ER/progesterone receptor) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 or proto-oncogene neu or erbB2 or CD340 by immunohistochemical analysis. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples of patients were used to collect the total RNA. Then, one-step reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the cancer stemness-related transcript levels in the different samples. The RT-PCR products were analyzed semi-quantitatively on agarose gels. The band intensities of respective samples for different transcripts were analyzed by densitometry. Results: TNBC-confirmed samples had shown increased levels of CD133 transcript than control tissues. Further, elevated CD133 transcripts are correlated with higher transcript levels of NOTCH1/FZD7/transforming growth factor-beta receptor Type III R/patched-1 pathway mediators. Conclusions: This work has clearly indicated that there is a correlation between CD133 and functional pathways that control cancer stem cells in TNBC. These observations may indicate the possible association between cancer stemness and TNBC malignancy
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Febrile thrombocytopenia is thethrombocytopenia associated with febrile illness. Thecommon causes are dengue, rickettsiae, malaria, typhoid,septicemia and in some cases undifferentiated fever. Thepresent study was intended to know the underlying etiology offebrile thrombocytopenia cases admitted to our hospital, thevarious presentations and relationship between platelet countand bleeding manifestation and prognosis.Material and methods: The study was conducted on 855patients aged 18 years and above who presented with feverand thrombocytopenia and were admitted in MVJ MedicalCollege and Research Hospital, Hoskote, Bengaluru ruraldistrict from January 2016 to December 2018.Results: A total of 855 patients of febrile thrombocytopeniawere admitted to our hospital during study period. Majority ofpatients were in the age group of 18 to 40 years with male tofemale ratio of 1.15: 1. Most of the cases presented during themonths of July to September. Commonest clinical presentationwere fever (100%), myalgia (86.5%) and headache (84.7%).In the majority of patients, thrombocytopenia was transient,present for 2 – 3 days, but bleeding manifestations were seenin 24.3% of patients. Petechiae (14%) was the commonestbleeding manifestation. 691 (80.81%) patients had plateletcount between 50000 to 1.5 lakh/mm3 and 164 (19.18%)cases had platelet count less than 50000/mm3 Only 5.6%had need for platelet transfusion. Dengue (51.9%) was thecommonest cause of thrombocytopenia followed by rickettsialfever (27.7%). In 15.6% of patients the etiology could not beascertained.Conclusion: Febrile thrombocytopenia is the most commoncause for admission to the hospital which requires extensiveevaluation and prompt management.
ABSTRACT
Background: Insufficient physical activity is one of the ten leading risk factors for death among patients with Non- Communicable Diseases (NCDs) such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and diabetes mellitus worldwide. Globally, one in four adults is not physically active. More than 80% of the world's adolescent population is insufficiently physically active. Physical inactivity is very common in India with a prevalence of 54.4%. Lack of knowledge regarding physical activity leads to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and diabetes which in turn can lead to death and disability.Methods: The cross sectional study was conducted on patients diagnosed to be diabetic visiting the Out Patient Department of Rural Health Centre Marappadi. Convenient sampling was used and the study was conducted from January 2017 to June 2018 using a pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire.Results: The mean age of the patients was 57.00±8.747 years. Patients aged 60 years and above had a lower physical activity level. In the older age group, low physical activity was associated with obesity. Adequate motivation was found to be reason for high physical activity level in patients (60.0%).Conclusions: The physical activity levels of the diabetic patients were unsatisfactory especially in the elderly. Low physical activity was associated with poor glycaemic control in the older age group. There is a need to encourage diabetic patients to undertake regular physical activity in order to achieve good health and well-being, optimal glycaemic control and to prevent diabetic
ABSTRACT
Background: Diabetes mellitus is the most important risk factor associated with two to four fold increased incidence of coronary artery disease. The major risk factors for CAD are hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and cigarette smoking Objectives: To study the level of serum uric acid in type 2 diabetes mellitus and the correlation between elevated serum uric acid level and the component of metabolic syndrome like obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia.Methods: The study was done as descriptive analytical study among the diabetic patients in a tertiary care setting during the period January 2018 to February 2019. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were clearly defined and the study participants were recruited for the study after getting the informed consent. The socio demographic profile, clinical and laboratory data were collected from the blood sample obtained from the patients with the standardized procedures. Data was entered in Microsoft excel spread sheet and analyzed statistically using SPSS statistical software. Student ‘t’ test and Chi-square test values were applied for significance.Results: Serum uric acid in the study population and control varied from 3.0 to 8.1 and 2.7 to 5.5 mg/dl respectively. The mean and standard deviation of uric acid among cases was 5.08±1.42 while in control it was 3.55±0.62 respectively. The serum uric acid level of diabetics was very much elevated compare with controls and it was highly significant. Significant correlation was noticed between serum uric acid and BMI as well as WHR. Elevated uric acid levels were significantly noticed among those with hypertension, dyslipidemia, coronary artery disease and chronicity of the diabetes.Conclusions: Uric acid was significantly elevated in diabetic population and the mean value of serum uric acid level was higher in longer duration of diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, central obesity which are the components of metabolic syndrome.
ABSTRACT
Background: Diabetic neuropathy is one of the commonest complications of diabetes mellitus and associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. The influence of diabetes on gall bladder function was not demonstrated in many studies. In this study, the association of fasting gall bladder volume and gall bladder ejection fraction with degree of cardiac autonomic neuropathy was assessed and correlated with duration of diabetes and severity of diabetes..Methods: The study was conducted in Government Sivagangai Medical College Hospital, Sivagangai, Madurai during a period of January 2018 to September 2018 as a Prospective observational study conducted among 100 patients in study group and 50 healthy subjects in control group. The aim of the study was to find out the incidence of autonomic neuropathy in study group by simple bed side tests, to determine the fasting gall bladder ejection fraction in diabetics, comparison of gall bladder volume in both study and control group, correlation of gall bladder ejection fraction with autonomic neuropathy.Results: The incidence of CAN is found to be high with longer duration of the disease and the degree is also correlated with duration of the disease. The correlation coefficient of this association is 0.792 which indicates high correlation. The correlation of severity of DM with incidence and degree of CAN was 0.81 which indicates high correlation and also the study showed an increase in the FGBV and a decrease in the GBEF with increase in the severity of cardiac autonomic neuropathy.Conclusions: In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, the gall bladder ejection fraction is significantly related to the duration of diabetes mellitus and degree of hyperglycemia in addition to cardiac autonomic neuropathy(CAN). Similarly, fasting gall bladder volume (FGBV) is significantly increased in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with cardiac autonomic neuropathy.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: The umbilical cord or Funis forms the connecting link between the fetus and the placenta. Throughumbilical cord the fetal blood flows to and from the placenta providing nutrition, gas exchange, waste removal,endocrine function and immune support to the developing fetus. The umbilical cord extends from the fetalumbilicus to the fetal surface of the placenta. Being organs of vital importance for continuation of pregnancy, theplacenta and umbilical cord have evolved great interest among the Anatomists, Embryologists, Pathologists andObstetricians.Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on 695 umbilical cords attached to placentaefrom the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, collected soon after delivery. The morphology of the umbilicalcords attached to placenta were studied. Fresh specimens of umbilical cord were examined for attachment to theplacenta, cord length, diameter, number of vessels, diameter of vessels, coiling and knotted appearance. Neonataldetails within 24 hours after delivery were recorded.Results: Average cord length was 46.04cm (SD 11.8cm) with the shortest cord being 5.8cm and the longest78.50cm. Majority of the umbilical cords (71.94%) had eccentric attachment to the placentae; (139) 20% hadcentral and 53(7.63%) had marginal and 3(0.43%) had velamentous attachments . Occurrence of furcate insertionof umbilical cord vessels into the placenta was 28% and non-furcate insertion was 501(72%). Morphologicalvariations of umbilical cord showed statistically significant association with maternal Diabetes mellitus,Preeclampsia, Antepartum haemorrhage, twin pregnancy and foetal Intra Uterine Growth Retardation.Conclusion: The study observed that, the morphological variations of umbilical cord show significant effects onmaternal and foetal conditions. These quantitative findings may provide baseline information for furtherinvestigations